The
Factories Act, 1948 [Act No. 63 of 1948]
[As amended by the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act 20 of 1987)]
CHAPTER I: Preliminary
1. Short title, extent and commencement. -
(1) This Act may be called the Factories Act, 1948.
(2) It extends to the whole of
(3) It shall come into force on the 1st day of April, 1949.
2. Interpretation. -
In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,-
(a) "adult" means a person who has completed his eighteenth year of
age;
(b) "adolescent" means a person, who has completed his fifteenth year
of age but has not completed his eighteenth year;
(bb) "calendar year" means the period of twelve months beginning with
the first day of January in any year;
(c) "child" means a person who has not completed his fifteenth year
of age;
(ca) "competent person", in relation to any provision of this Act,
means a person or an institution recognised as such by the Chief Inspector for
the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations and inspections required to be
done in a factory under the provisions of this Act having regard to-
(i)
the qualifications and experience of the person and facilities available at his
disposal, or
(ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in such
institution and facilities available therein, with regard to the conduct of
such tests, examinations and inspections, and more than one person or
institution can be recognised as a competent person in relation to a factory;
(cb) "hazardous process" means any process
or activity in relation to an industry specified in the 'First Schedule where,
unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or
finished products, bye-products, wastes or effluents thereof would-
(i) cause material impairment to the health of the
persons engaged in or connected therewith, or
(ii) result in the
pollution of the general environment:
Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, amend the First Schedule by way of addition, omission or variation of
any industry specified in the said Schedule;
(d) "young person" means a person, who is either a child or an
adolescent;
(e) "day" means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at midnight;
(f) "week" means a period of seven days beginning at midnight on
Saturday night or such other night as may be approved in writing for a
particular area by the Chief Inspector of Factories;
(g) "power" means electrical energy, or any other form of energy,
which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated, by human or animal
agency;
(h) "prime-mover" means any engine, motor or other appliance, which
generates or otherwise provides power;
(i) "transmission machinery" means any
shift, wheel, drum, pulley, system of pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving belt
or other appliance or device by which the motion of a prime-mover is
transmitted to or received by any machinery or appliance;
(j) "machinery" includes prime-movers, transmission machinery and all
other appliances, whereby power is generated, transformed, transmitted or
applied;
(k) "manufacturing process" means any process for-
(i) making, altering, repairing, ornamenting,
finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing or
otherwise treating or adopting any article or substance with a view to its use,
sale, transport, delivery or disposal; or
(ii) pumping oil, water, sewage, or any other substance; or
(iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power; or
(iv) composing types for printing, printing by letter press, lithography,
photogravure or other similar process or book-binding; or
(v) constructing, reconstructing,, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking
up ships or vessels; or
(Vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage ;
(l) "worker" means a person employed directly or by or through any
agency (including a contractor) with or without the knowledge of the principal
employer whether for remuneration or not in any manufacturing process, or in
cleaning any part of the machinery or premises used for a manufacturing
process, or in any other kind of work incidental to, or connected with the
manufacturing process, or the subject of the manufacturing process but does not
include any member of the armed forces of the Union;
(m) "factory" means any premises including the precincts thereof-
(i) whereon ten or more workers are working, or were
working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power, or is
ordinarily so carried on, or
(ii) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day of
the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing
process is being carried on without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so
carried on,- but does not include a mine subject to the operation of the Mines
Act, 1952 (XXXV of 1952) or a mobile unit belonging to the armed forces of the
Union, a railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating place;
Explanation I.---For computing the number of workers for the purposes of this
clause all the workers in different groups and relays in a day shall be taken
into account;
Explanation II.---For the purposes of this clause, the mere fact that an
Electronic Data Processing Unit or a Computer Unit is installed in any premises
or part thereof, shall not be construed to make it a factory if no
manufacturing process is being carried on in such premises or part thereof ;
(n) "occupier" of a factory means the person, who has ultimate
control over the affairs of the factory,
Provided that-
(i) in the case of a firm or other association of
individuals, any one of the individual partners or members thereof shall be
deemed to be the occupier;
(ii) in the case of a company, any one of the directors, shall be deemed to be
the occupier:
(iii) in the case of a factory owned or controlled by the Central Government or
any State Government, or any local authority, the person or persons appointed
to manage the affairs of the factory by the Central Government, the State
Government or the local authority, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be
the occupier :
Provided further that in the case of a ship which is being repaired, or on
which maintenance work is being carried out, in a dry dock which is available
for hire,
(1) the owner of the dock shall be deemed to be the occupier for the purposes
of any matter provided for by or under-
(a) section 6, section 7, section 7A, section 7B, section 11 or section 12;
(b) section 17, in so far as it relates to the providing and maintenance of
sufficient and suitable lighting in or around the dock;
(e) section 18, section
19, section 42, section 46, section 47 or section 49, in relation to the
workers employed on such repair or maintenance;
(2) the owner of the ship or his agent or master or other officer-in-charge of
the ship or any person who contracts with such owner, agent or master or other
officer-in-charge to carry out the repair or maintenance work shall be deemed
to be the occupier for the purposes of any matter provided for by or under
section 13, section 14, section 16 or section 17 (save as otherwise provided in
this proviso) or Chapter IV (except section 27) or section 43, section 44 or
section 45, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Chapter VIII or Chapter IX or section 108,
section 109 or section 110, in relation to-
(a) the workers employed directly by him or by or through any agency; and
(b) the machinery, plant or premises in use for the purpose of carrying out
such repair or maintenance work by such owner, agent, master or other
officer-in-charge or person ;
(o) [Omitted];
(p) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made by the State
Government under this Act;
(q) [Omitted];
(r) where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more sets of workers
working during different periods of the day, each of such sets is called a
"group" or "relay" and each of such periods is called a
"shift".
3. Reference to time of day. -
In this Act references to time of day are references to Indian Standard Time
being five and a half hours, ahead of Greenwich Mean Time:
Provided that for any area in which Indian Standard Time is not ordinarily
observed the State Government may make rules-
(a) specifying the area,
(b) defining the local mean time ordinarily observed
therein, and
(c) permitting such time to be observed in all or any
of the factories situated in the area.
4. Power to declare different departments to be separate factories or
two or more factories to be a single factory. -
The State Government may, on its own or on an application made in this behalf
by an occupier, direct by an order in writing and subject to such conditions
as it may deem fit, that for all or any of the purposes of this Act different
departments or branches of a factory of the occupier specified in the
application shall be treated as separate factories or that two or more
factories of the occupier specified in the application shall be treated as a
single factory.
Provided that no order under this section shall be made by the State Government
on its own motion unless an opportunity of being heard is given to
the occupier.
5. Power to exempt during public emergency. -
In any case of a public emergency the State Government may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, exempt any factory or class or description of factories
from all or any of the provisions of this Act except section 67 for such period
and subject to such conditions as it may think fit:
Provided that no such notification shall be made for a period exceeding three
months at a time.
Explanation. - For the purposes of this section
'public emergency' means a grave emergency whereby the security of India or of
any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external
aggression or internal disturbance.
6. Approval, licensing and registration of factories. -
(1) The State Government may make rules-
(a) requiring for the purposes of this Act, the submission of plans of any
class or description of factories to the Chief Inspector or the State
Government ;
(aa) requiring the previous permission in writing of
the State Government or the Chief Inspector to be obtained for the site on
which the factory is to be situated and for the construction or extension of
any factory or class or description of factories;
(b) requiring for the purpose of considering applications for such permission
the submission of plans and specifications;
(c) prescribing the nature of such plans and specifications and by whom they
shall be certified;
(d) requiring the registration and licensing of factories, or any class or
description of factories, and prescribing the fees payable for such
registration and licensing and for the renewal of licences;
(e) requiring that no licence shall be granted or renewed unless the notice
specified in section 7 has been given.
(2) If on an application for permission referred to in clause (aa) of sub-section (1) accompanied by the plans and
specifications required by the rules made under clause (b) of that sub-section,
sent to the State Government or Chief Inspector by registered post, no order is
communicated to the applicant within three months from the date on which it is
so sent, the permission applied for in the said application shall be deemed to
have been granted.
(3) Where a State Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to grant permission
to the site, construction or extension of a factory or to the registration and
licensing of a factory, the applicant may within thirty days from the date of
such refusal, appeal to the Central Government if the decision appealed for was
of the State Government, and to the State Government in any other case.
Explanation. - A factory shall not be deemed to be
extended within the meaning of this section by reason only of the replacement
of any plant or machinery, or within such limits as may be prescribed, of the
addition of any plant or machinery. If such replacement or addition does not
reduce the minimum clear space required for safe working
around the plant or machinery or adversely affect the environment
conditions from the evolution or emission of steam, heat or dust or fumes which
are injurious to health.
7. Notice by occupier. -
(1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen days before he begins to occupy or,
use any premises as a factory, send to the Chief Inspector a written notice
containing-
(a) the name and situation of the factory;
(b) the name and address of the occupier;
(bb) thc name and address of
the owner of the premises or building (including the precincts thereof )
referred to in section 93;
(c) the address io which
communication relating to the factory may be sent;
(d) the nature of the manufacturing process-
(i)
carried on in the factory during the last twelve months in the case of factories
in existence on the date of the commencement of this Act, and
(ii) to be carried on in
the factory during the next twelve months in the case of all factories;
(e) the total rated horse power installed or to be
installed in the factory, which shall not include the rated horse power of any
separate standby plant;
(f) the name of the rnanager
of the factory for the purposes of this Act;
(g) the number of workers likely to be employed in the
factory:
(h) the average number of workers per day employed
during the last twelve months in the case of a factory in existence on the date
of the commencement of this Act;
(i) such other particulars
as may be prescribed.
(2) In respect of all establishments, which come within the scope of the Act
for the first time the occupier shall send a written notice to the Chief
Inspector containing the particulars specified in sub-section (1) within thirty
days from the date of the commencement of this Act.
(3) Before a factory engaged in a manufacturing process which is ordinarily
carried out for less than one hundred and eighty working days in the year,
resumes working, the occupier shall send a written notice to the Chief
Inspector containing the particulars specified in sub-section (1) that least
thirty days before the date of the commencement of work.
(4) Whenever a new manager is appointed, the occupier shall send to the
Inspector a written notice and to the Chief Inspector a copy thereof within
seven days from the date on which such person takes over charge.
(5) During a period for which no person has been designated as manager of a
factory or during which the person designated does not manage the factory, any
person found acting as manager, or if no such person is found, the occupier
himself, shall be deemed to be the manager of the factory for the purposes of
this Act.
CHAPTER II: The Inspecting Staff
7A. General duties of the occupier. -
(1) Every occupier shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the
health, safety and welfare of all workers while they are at work in the
factory.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1),
the matters to which such duty extends, shall include-
(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems
of work in the factory that are safe and without risks to health;
(b) the arrangement in the factory for ensuring safety
and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage
and transport of articles and substances;
(c) the provision of such information, instruction,
training and supervisions as are necessary to ensure the health and safety of
all workers at work;
(d) the maintenance of all places of work in the
factory in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the
provision and maintenance of such means of access to, and egress from, such
place as are safe and without such risks;
(e) the provision, maintenance or monitoring of such
working environment in the factory for the workers that is safe, without risks
to health and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for their welfare
at work.
(3) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, every occupier shall prepare,
and, as often as may be appropriate, revise, a written statement of his general
policy with respect to the health and safety of the workers at work and the
organisation and arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out that
policy, and to bring the statement and any revision thereof to the notice of all
the workers in such manner as may be prescribed.
7B. General duties of manufacturers, etc., as regards
articles and sub-stances for use in factories. -
(1) Every person who designs, manufactures, imports or supplies any article for
use in any factory shall-
(a) ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that
the article is so designed and constructed as to be safe and without risks to
the health of the
workers when properly used;
(b) carry out or arrange for the carrying out of such
tests and examination as may be considered necessary for the effective
implementation of the provisions of clause (a);
(c) take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that
adequate information will be available-
(i)
in connection with the use of the article in any factory;
(ii) about the use for
which it is designed and tested; and
(iii) about any
conditions necessary to ensure that the article, when put to such use, will be
safe, and without risks to the health of the workers:
Provided that where an article is designed or
manufactured outside India, it shall be obligatory on the part of the importer
to see-
(a) that the article conforms to the same standards if
such article is manufactured in India, or
(b) if the standards adopted in the country outside
for the manufacture of such article is above the standards adopted in India,
that the article conforms to such standards
(2) Every person, who undertakes to design or manufacture any article for use
in any factory, may carry out or arrange for the carrying out of necessary
research with a view to the discovery and, so far as is reasonably practicable,
the elimination or minimisation of any risks to the health or safety of the
workers to which the design or article may give rise.
(3) Nothing contained in sub-sections (1) and (2) shall be construed to require
a person to repeat the testing examination or research which has been carried
out otherwise than by him or at his instance on so far as it is reasonable for
him to rely on the results thereof for the purposes of the said sub-sections.
(4) And duty imposed on any person by sub-sections (1) and (2) shall extend
only to things done in the course of business carried on by him and to matters
within his control.
(5) Where a person designs, manufactures, imports or supplies an article on the
basis of a written undertaking by the user of such article to take the steps
specified in such undertaking to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable,
that the article will be. safe and without risks to the health of the workers
when properly used, the undertaking shall have the effect of relieving the
person designing, manufacturing, importing or supplying the article from the
duty imposed by clause (a) of sub-section (1) to such extent as is reasonably
having regard to the terms of the undertaking.
(6) For the purposes of this section, an article is not to be regarded as
properly used if it is used without regard to any information or advice
relating to its use which as been made available by the person
who has designed, manufactured, imported or supplied the article.
8. Inspectors. -
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint
such persons as possessing the prescribed qualification to be Inspectors for
the purposes of this Act and may assign to them such local limits as it may
think fit.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint
any person to be a Chief Inspector who shall, in addition to powers conferred
on Chief Inspector under this Act, exercise the powers of an Inspector
throughout the State.
(2A) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint
as many Additional Chief Inspectors, Joint Chief Inspectors and Deputy Chief
Inspectors and as many other officers as it thinks fit to assist the Chief
Inspector and to exercise such of the powers of the Chief Inspector as may be
specified in such notification.
(2B) Every additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief
Inspector and every other officer appointment under sub-section (2A) shall,
in addition to the powers of a Chief Inspector specified in the notification by
which he is appointed, exercise the power of an Inspector throughout the State.
(3) No person shall be appointed under sub-section (1), sub-section (2),
sub-section (2A) or sub-section (5), or having been so appointed, shall
continue to hold office, who is or becomes directly or
indirectly interested in a factory or in any process or business carried on
therein or in any patent or machinery connected therewith.
(4) Every District Magistrate shall be an Inspector for his district.
(5) The State Government may also, by notification as aforesaid, appoint such
public officers as it thinks fit to be additional Inspectors for all or any of
the purposes of this Act, within such local limits as it may assign to them
respectively.
(6) In any area where there are more Inspectors than one the State Government
may, by notification as aforesaid, declare the powers which such Inspectors
shall respectively exercise and the Inspector to whom the prescribed notices
are to be sent.
(7) Every Chief Inspector, Additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector,
Deputy Chief Inspector, Inspector and every other officer appointed under this
section, shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the
Indian Penal Code (XLV of 1860), and shall be officially subordinate to such
authority as the State Government may specify in this behalf.
9. Powers of Inspectors. -
Subject to any rules made in this behalf, an Inspector may, within the local
limits for which he is appointed,-
(a) enter with such assistants, being persons in the
service of the Government, or any local or other public authority or with an
expert, as he thinks fit, any place which is used, or which he has reason to
believe, is used as a factory;
(b) make examination of the premises, plant,
machinery, article or substance;
(c) inquire into any accident or dangerous occurrence,
whether resulting in bodily injury, disability or not, and take on the spot or
otherwise statements of any person which he may consider necessary for such
inquiry;
(d) require the production of any prescribed register
or any other document relating to the factory;
(e) seize, or take copies of, any register, record or
other document or any portion thereof, as he may consider necessary in respect
of any offence under this Act, which he has reason to believe, has been
committed;
(f) direct the occupier that any premises or any part
thereof, or anything lying therein, shall be left undisturbed (whether
generally or in particular respects) for so long as is necessary for the
purpose of any examination under clause (b);
(g) take measurements and photographs and make such
recordings as he considers necessary for the purpose of any examination under
clause (b), taking with him any necessary instrument or equipment;
(h) in case of any article of substance found in any
premises, being an article or substance which appears to him as having caused
or is likely to cause danger to the health or safety of the workers, direct it
to be dismantled or subject it to any process or test (but not so as to damage
or destroy it unless the same is, in the circumstances necessary, for carrying
out the purposes of this Act), and take possession of any such article or
substance or a part thereof, and detain it for so long as is necessary for such
examination;
(i) exercise such other
powers as may be prescribed.
10. Certifying Surgeons. -
(1) The State Government may appoint qualified medical practitioners to be
certifying surgeons for the purposes of this Act within such local limits or
for such factory or class or description of factories as it may assign to them
respectively.
(2) A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the State Government,
authorise any qualified medical practitioner to exercise any of his powers
under this Act for such period as the certifying surgeon may specify and subject
to such conditions as the State Government may think fit to impose, and
references in this Act to a certifying surgeon shall be deemed to include
references to any qualified medical practitioner when so authorised.
(3) No person shall be appointed to be, or authorised to exercise the powers
of, a certifying surgeon, or having been so appointed or authorised, continue
to exercise such powers, who is or becomes the occupier of a factory or is or
becomes directly or indirectly interested therein or in any process or business
carried on therein or in any patent or machinery connected therewith or is
otherwise in the employ of the factory:
Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing and subject to such
conditions as may be specified in the order exempt any person or class of
persons from the provisions of this sub-section in respect of any factory or
class or description of factories.
(4) The certifying surgeon shall carry out such duties as may be prescribed in
connection with-
(a) the examination and certification of young persons
under this Act;
(b) the examination of persons engaged in factories in
such dangerous Occupations or processes as may be prescribed;
(c) the exercising of such medical supervisions as may
be prescribed for any factory or class or description of factories where-
(i)
cases of illness have occurred, which it is reasonable to believe are due to
the nature of the manufacturing process carried on, or other conditions of work
prevailing, therein;
(ii) by reason of any
change in the manufacturing process carried on or in the substances used
therein or by reason of the adoption of any new manufacturing process, or of
any new substance for use in a manufacturing process, there is a likelihood of
injury to the health of workers employed in that manufacturing process;
(iii) young persons are,
or are about to be, employed in any work
which is likely to cause injury to their health.
Explanation. - In this section "qualified medical
practitioner" means a person holding a qualification granted by an
authority specified in the Schedule to the Indian Medical Degrees Act, 1916
(VII of 1916), or in the Schedule to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933
(XXVI1 of 1933).
CHAPTER lII:
Health
11. Cleanliness. -
(1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvial arising from any
drain, privy or other nuisance, and in particular-
(a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed
daily by sweeping or by any other
effective method from the floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases
and passages and disposed of in a suitable manner;
(b) the floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at
least once in every week by washing, using disinfectant where necessary, or by
some other effective method;
(c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the
course of any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable of being
drained, effective means of drainage shall be provided as maintained;
(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or
tops of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and staircases shall-
(i)
where they are 'painted otherwise than with washable water paint or varnished,
be repainted or revarnished at least once in every period
of five years;
(i-a)
where they are painted with washable water paint, be repainted with at least
one coat of such paint at least once in every period of
three years and washed
at least once in every period of six months;
(ii) where they are
painted or varnished or where they have smooth impervious surfaces, be cleaned
at least one in every period of fourteen months by such methods as may be
prescribed;
(iii) in any other case,
be kept whitewashed, or colour washed, and the whitewashing or colour washing
shall be carried out at least once in every period of fourteen months;
(dd) all doors and
window-frames and other wooden or metallic framework and shutters shall be kept
painted or varnished and the painting or varnishing shall be carried out at
least once in every period of five years;
(e) the dates on which the processes required by
clause (d) are carried out shall be entered in the prescribed register.
(2) If, in view of the nature of the operations carried on in a factory or
class or description of factories or any part of a factory or class or
description of factories, it is not possible for the occupier to comply with
all or any of the provisions of sub-section (1), the State Government may by
order exempt such factory or class or description of factories or part from any
of the provisions of that sub-section and specify alternative methods for
keeping the factory in a clean state.
12. Disposal of wastes and effluents. -
(1) Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment of
wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as
to render them innocuous, and for their disposal.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the arrangements to be made
under sub-section (1) or requiring that the arrangements made in accordance
with sub-section (1) shall be approved by such authority as may be prescribed.
13. Ventilation and temperature. -
(1) Effect and suitable provisions shall be made in every factory for securing
and maintaining in every workroom-
(a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh
air, and
(b) such a temperature as will secure to workers
therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health; and in
particular,
(i)
walls and roofs shall be of such material and so designed that such temperature
shall not be exceeded but kept as low as practicable;
(ii) where the nature of
the work carried on in the factories involves, or is likely to involve, the
production of excessively high temperature, such adequate measures as are
practicable shall be taken to protect the workers therefrom,
by separating the process, which produces such temperature from the workroom,
by insulating the hot parts or by other effective means.
(2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate ventilation and
reasonable temperature for any factory or class or description of factories or
parts thereof and direct that proper measuring instruments, at such places and
in such position as may be specified, shall be provided and such records, as
may be prescribed, shall be maintained.
(3) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high temperature in
any factory can be reduced by the adoption of suitable measures, he may,
without prejudice to the rules made under sub-section (2), serve on the
occupier, an order in writing specifying the measures which, in his opinion
should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified
date.
14. Dust and fume. -
(1) In every factory in which, by reason of the manufacturing process carried
on, there is given off any dust or fume or other impurity of such a nature and
to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive to the workers
employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures
shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and
if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as
near as possible to the point of origin of the dust, fume or other impurity,
and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible.
(2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated
unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air, and no other internal
combustion engine shall be operated in any room unless effective measures have
been taken to prevent such accumulation of fumes therefrom
as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in the room.
15. Artificial humidification. -
(1) In respect of all factories in which the humidity of the air is
artificially increased, the State Government may make rules,-
(a) prescribing standards of humidification;
(b) regulating the methods used for artificially
increasing the humidity of the air;
(c) directing prescribed tests for determining the
humidity of the air to be correctly carried out and recorded;
(d) prescribing methods to be adopted for securing
adequate ventilation and cooling of the air in the workrooms.
(2) In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased,
the water used for the purpose shall be taken from a public supply, or other
source of drinking water, or shall he effectively purified before it is so
used.
(3) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a factory for
increasing humidity which is required to be effectively purified under
sub-section (2) is not effectively purified he may serve on the manager of the
factory an order in writing, specifying the measures which in his opinion
should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before specified date.
16. Overcrowding. -
No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to the
health of the workers employed therein.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be in
every workroom of a factory in existence on the date of commencement of this
Act at least 9.9 cubic metres and of a factory built after the commencement of
this Act at least 14.2 cubic metres of space for every worker employed therein,
and for the purposes of this sub-section no account shall be taken of any space
which is more than 4.2 metres above the level of the floor of the room.
(3) If the Chief Inspector by order in writing so requires, there shall be
posted in each workroom of a factory a notice specifying the maximum number
of workers who may, in compliance with the Provisions of this section, be
employed in the room.
(4) The Chief Inspector may, by order in writing exempt, subject to such
conditions, if any, as he may thing fit to impose, any workroom from the
provisions of this section, if he is satisfied that compliance therewith in
respect of the room is unnecessary in the interest of the health of the workers
employed therein.
17. Lighting. -
(1) In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing, there
shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or
artificial, or both.
(2) In every factory all glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of
the workroom shall be kept clean on both the inner and outer surfaces and, so
far as compliance with the provisions of any rules made under sub-section (3)
of section 13 will allow, free from obstruction.
(3) In every factory effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be
made for the prevention of-
(a) glare, either directly from a source of light or
by reflection from a smooth or polished surface;
(b) the formation of shadows to such an extent as to
cause eye-strain or the risk of accident to any worker.
(4) The State Government may prescribe standards of sufficient and suitable
lighting for factories or for any class or description of factories or for any
manufacturing process.
18. Drinking water. -
(1) In every factory effective arrangements shall be made to provide and
maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed
therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.
(2) All such points shall be legibly marked "drinking water" in a
language understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory and no
such points shall be situated within 1[six metres of any washing place, urinal,
latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying sullage or
effluent or any other source of contamination unless a shorter distance is
approved in writing by the Chief Inspector.
(3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water during
hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof.
(4) In respect of all factories or any class or description of factories the
State Government may make rules for securing compliance with the provisions of
sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) and for the examination by prescribed authorities
of the supply and distribution of drinking water in factories.
19. Latrines and urinals. -
(1) In every factory-
(a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of
prescribed types shall be provided conveniently situated and accessible to
workers at all times while they are at the factory;
(b) separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided
for male and female workers;
(c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and
ventilated and no latrine or urinal shall, unless specially exempted in writing
by the Chief Inspector, communicate with any workroom except through an
intervening open space or ventilated passage;
(d) all such accommodation shall be maintained in a
clean and sanitary condition at all times;
(e) sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty it
would be to keep clean all latrines, urinals and washing places.
(2) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed-
(a) all latrine and urinal accommodation shall be of
prescribed sanitary types;
(b) the floors and internal walls, up to a height of
ninety centimetres of the latrines and urinals and the sanitary blocks shall be
laid in glazed tiles or otherwise finished to provide a smooth polished
impervious surface;
(c) without prejudice to the provisions of clauses (d)
and (e) of sub-section (1), the floors, portions of the walls and blocks so
laid or finished and the sanitary pans of latrines and urinals shall be
thoroughly washed and cleaned at least once in every seven days with suitable
detergents or disinfectants or with both.
(3) The State Government may prescribe the number of latrines and urinals to be
provided in any factory in proportion to the number of male and female workers
ordinarily employed therein, and provide for such further matters in respect of
sanitation in factories, including the obligation of workers in this regard, as
it considers necessary in the interest of the health of the workers employed
therein.
20. Spittoons. -
(1) In every factory there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons
in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic
condition.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and numbers of
spittoons to be provided and their location in any factory and provide for such
further matters relating to their maintenance in a clean and hygienic
condition.
(3) No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except in the spittoons
provided for the purpose and a notice containing this provision and the penalty
for its violation shall be prominently displayed at suitable places in the
premises.
(4) Whoever spits in contravention of sub-section (3) shall be punishable with
fine not exceeding five rupees.
21. Fencing of machinery. -
(1) In every factory the following, namely-
(i) every moving part of a
prime-mover and every flywheel connected to a prime-mover, whether the
prime-mover or flywheel is in the engine-house or
not;
(ii) the headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel
and water-turbine;
(iii) any part of a stock bar which projects beyond
the head stock of a lathe; and
(iv) unless they are in such position or of such construction
as to be safe to every person employed in the factory as they would be if they
were securely fenced, the following, namely:-
(a) every part of an
electric generator, a motor or rotary convertor;
(b) every part of
transmission machinery; and
(c) every dangerous part
of any other machinery;
shall be securely fenced by safeguards of a
substantial construction which shall be constantly maintained and kept in
position while the parts of machinery they are fencing, are in motion or in
use:
Provided that for the
purpose of determining whether any part of machinery in such position or is of
such construction as to be safe as aforesaid, account shall not be taken of any
occasion when-
(i) it is necessary to make
an examination of any part of the machinery aforesaid while it is in motion or,
as a result of such examination to carry out lubrication or other adjusting
operation while the machinery is in motion, being an examination of operation
which it is necessary to be carried out while that part of the machinery is in
motion. or
(ii) in the case of any part of a transmission
machinery used in such process as may be prescribed (being a process of a
continuous nature, the carrying on of which shall be or is likely to be
substantially interfered with by the stoppage of that part of the machinery),
it is necessary to make an examination of such part of the machinery while it
is in motion or, as a result of such examination, to carry out any mounting or
shipping of belts or lubrication, or other adjusting operation while the
machinery is in motion,
and such examination or operation is made or carried out in accordance with the
provisions of sub-section (1) of section 22.
(2) The State Government may by rules prescribe such further precautions as it
may consider necessary in respect of any particular machinery or part thereof
or exempt, subject to such condition as may be prescribed, for securing the
safety of the workers, any particular machinery or part thereof from the
Provisions of this section.
22. Work on or near machinery in motion. -
(1) Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery
referred to in section 21, while the machinery is in motion, or, as a result of
such examination, to carry out-
(a) in a case referred to in clause (i) of the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 21,
lubrication or other adjusting operation; or
(b) in a case referred to in clause (ii) of the
proviso aforesaid, any mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other
adjusting operation,
while the machinery is in motion, such - examination or operation shall be made
or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker wearing tight
fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the occupier) whose name has been
recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf and who has been furnished
with a certificate of his appointment, and while he is so engaged,-
(a) such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving
pulley unless-
(i)
the belt is not more than fifteen centimetres in width;
(ii) the pulley is
normally for the purpose of drive and not merely a fly-wheel or balance wheel
(in which case belt is not permissible);
(iii) the belt joint is
either laced or fiush with the belt;
(iv) the belt, including
the joint and the pulley rim, are in good repair;
(v) there is reasonable
clearance between the pulley and any fixed plant or structure;
(vi) secure foothold
and, where necessary, secure handhold, are provided for the operator; and
(vii) any ladder in use
for carrying out any examination or operation aforesaid is securely fixed or
lashed or is firmly held by a second person ;
(b) without prejudice to any other provision of this
Act relating to the fencing of machinery, every set screw, bolt and key on any
revolving shaft, spindle, wheel or pinions and all spur, worm and other toothed
or friction gearing in motion with which such worker would otherwise be liable
to come into contact, shall be securely fenced to prevent such contact.
(2) No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any
part of a prime-mover or of any transmission machinery while prime-mover or
transmission machinery is in motion, or to clean, lubricate or adjust any part
of any machine if the cleaning, lubrication or adjustment thereof would expose
the woman or young person to risk of injury from any moving part either of that
machine or of any adjacent machinery.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette prohibit,
in any specified factory or class or description of factories, the cleaning,
lubricating or adjusting by any person of specified parts of machinery when
those parts are in motion.
23. Employment of young persons on dangerous machines. -
(1) No young person shall be required or allowed to work at any machine to
which this section applies, unless he has been fully instructed as to the
dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precautions to be
observed, and-
(a) has received sufficient training in work at the
machine, or
(b) is under adequate supervision by a person who has
a thorough knowledge and experience of the machine.
(2) Sub-section (1) shall apply to such machines as may be prescribed by the
State Government, being machines which in its opinion are of such a dangerous
character that young persons ought not to work at them unless the foregoing
requirements are complied with.
24. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power. -
(1) In every factory-
(a) suitable striking gear or other efficient
mechanical appliance shall be provided and maintained and used to move driving
belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form part of the transmission
machinery, and such gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed and
maintained so as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the first pulley;
(b) driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed
to rest or ride upon shafting in motion.
(2) In every factory suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies from
running machinery shall be provided and maintained in every workroom:
Provided that in respect of factories in operation before the commencement of
this Act, the provisions of this sub-section shall apply only to workrooms in
which electricity is used as power.
(3) When a device, which can inadvertently shift from "off" to
"on" position, is provided in a factory- to cut off power,
arrangements shall be provided for locking the device in safe position to
prevent accidental starting of the transmission machinery or other machines to
which the device it fitted.
25. Self-acting machines. -
No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory and no material
carried thereon shall, if the space over which it runs is a space over which
any person is liable to pass, whether in the course of his employment or
otherwise, be allowed to run on its outwards or inward traverse within a
distance forty-five centimetres from any fixed structure which is not part of
the machine:
Provided that the Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a machine
installed before the commencement of this Act which does not comply with the
requirements of this section on such conditions for ensuring safety as he may
think fit to impose.
26. Casing of new machinery -
(1) In all machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after the
commencement of this Act,-
(a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving
shaft, spindle, wheel or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise
effectively guarded as to prevent danger;
(b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction
gearing which does not require frequent adjustment while in motion shall be
completely encased, unless it is so situated as to be as safe as it would be if
it were completely encased.
(2) Whoever sells or lets on hire or, agent of a seller or hirer, causes or
procures to be sold or let on hire, for use in a factory any machinery driven
by power which does not comply with the provisions of sub-section (1) or any
rules made under sub-section (3), shall be punishable with imprisonment for a
term which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five
hundred rupees or with both.
(3) The State Government may make rules specifying further safeguards to be
provided in respect of any other dangerous part of any particular machine or
class or description of machines.
27. Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton-openers.
No woman or child shall
be employed in any part of a factory for pressing cotton in which a
cotton-opener is at work:
Provided that if the feed-end of a cotton-opener is in a room separated from
the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the
Inspector may in any particular case specify in writing, women and children may
be employed on the side of the partition where the feed-end is situated.
28. Hoist and lifts. -
(1) In every factory-
(a) every hoist and lift shall be-
(i)
of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength;
(ii) properly
maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least
once in every period of six months, and a register shall be kept containing the
prescribed particulars of every such examination;
(b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure
fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so
constructed as to prevent any person or thing from being trapped between any
part of the hoist or lift and any fixed structure or moving part;
(c) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly
marked on every hoist or lift, and no load greater than such load shall be
carried thereon;
(d) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying
persons shall be fitted with a gate on each side from which access is afforded
to a landing;
(e) every gate referred to in clause (b) or clause (d)
shall be fitted with inter-locking or other efficient device to secure that the
gate cannot be opened except when the cage is at the landing and that the cage
cannot be moved unless the gate is closed.
(2) The following additional requirements shall apply to hoists and lifts used
for carrying persons and installed or reconstructed in a factory after the
commencement of this Act, namely:-
(a) where the cage is supported by rope or chain,
there shall be at least two ropes or chains separately connected with the cage
and balance weight, and each rope or chain with its attachments shall be
capable of carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its maximum
load;
(b) efficient devices shall be provided and maintained
capable of supporting the cage together with its maximum load in the event of
breakage of the ropes, chains or attachments;
(c) an efficient automatic device shall be provided
and maintained to prevent the cage from over-running.
(3) The Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a hoist or lift
installed in a factory before the commencement of this Act which does not fully
comply with the provisions of sub-section (1) upon such conditions for ensuring
safety as he may think fit to impose.
(4) The State Government may, if in respect of any class or description of
hoist or lift, is of opinion that it would be unreasonable to enforce any
requirements of sub-sections (1) and (2), by order direct that such requirement
shall not apply to such class or description of hoist or lift.
Explanation.-For the purposes of this section, no lifting machine or appliance
shall be deemed to be a hoist or lift unless it has a platform or cage, the
direction or movement of which is restricted by a guide or guides.
29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting
tackles. -
(1) In any factory the following provisions shall be complied with in respect
of every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope
and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or
materials:-
(a) all parts, including the working gear, whether
fixed or movable, of every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting
tackle shall be-
(i)
of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from
defects;
(ii) properly maintained;
and
(iii) thoroughly
examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve months,
or at such intervals as the Chief Inspector may specify in writing, and a
register shall be kept containing the prescribed particulars of every such
examination;
(b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting
tackle shall, except for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working
load which shall be plainly marked there on together with an identification
mark and duly entered in the prescribed register; and where this is not
practicable, a table showing the safe working load of every kind and size of
lifting machine or chain, rope of lifting tackle in use, shall be displayed in
prominent position on the premises;
(c) while any person is employed or working on or near
the wheel track of a travelling crane in any place where he would be liable to
be struck by the crane, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the
crane does not approach within six metres of that place.
(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of any lifting machine or
any chain, rope or lifting tackle used in factories-
(a) prescribing further requirements to be compiled
with in addition to those set out in this section ;
(b) providing for exemption from compliance with all
or any of the requirements of this section, where in its opinion, such
compliance is unnecessary or impracticable.
(3) For the purposes of this section a lifting machine or a chain, rope or
lifting tackle shall be deemed to have been thoroughly examined if a visual
examination supplemented, if necessary, by other means and by the dismantling
of parts of the gear, has been carried out as carefully as the conditions
permit in order to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to the safety of the
parts examined.
Explanation.-In this section,-
(a) "lifting
machine" means a crane, crab, winch, teagle, pully block, gin wheel, transporter
or runway;
(b) "lifting
tackle" means any chain sling, rope sling, hook, shackle, swivel,
coupling, socket, clamp, tray or similar appliance, whether fixed or movable,
used in connection with the raising or lowering of persons, or loads by use
lifting machines.
30. Revolving machinery. -
(1) In every factory in which the process of grinding is carried on there shall
be permanently affixed to or placed ear each machine in use a notice indicating
the maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grindstone or abrasive
wheel, the speed of the shaft or spindle upon which the wheel is mounted, and
the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such
safe working peripheral speed.
(2) The speeds indicated in notices under sub-section (1) shall not be
exceeded.
(3) Effective measure shall be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe
working peripheral speed of every revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel
pulley, disc or similar appliance driven by power is not exceeded.
31. Pressure plant. -
(1) If in any factory, any plant or machinery or any part thereof is operated
at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to
ensure that the safe working pressure of such plant or machinery or part is not
exceeded.
(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the examination and
testing of any plant or machinery such as is referred to in sub-section (1) and
prescribing such other safety measures in relation thereto as may in its opinion, be necessary in any factory or class or
description of factories.
(3) The State Government may, by rules, exempt, subject to such conditions as
may be specified therein, any part of any plant or machinery referred to in
sub-section (1) from the provisions of this section.
32. Floors, stairs and means of access. -
In every factory-
(a) all floors, steps, stairs, passengers and gangways
shall be of sound construction, and properly maintained and shall be kept free
from obstructions and substances likely to cause persons to slip and where it
is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be
provided with substantial handrails;
(b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable,
be provided, and maintained safe means of access to every place at which any
person is at any time required to work;
(C) when any person has to work at a height from where
he is likely to fall, provision shall be made, so far as is reasonably
practicable, by fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the person so
working.
33. Pits, sumps, openings in floors, etc. -
(1) In every factory every fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the
ground or in a floor which, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or
contents, is or may be a source of danger, shall be either securely covered or
securely fenced.
(2) The State Government may, by order in writing, exempt, subject to such
conditions as may be prescribed, any factory or class or description of
factories in respect of any vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening from compliance
with the provisions of this section.
34. Excessive weights. -
(1) No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any load
so heavy as to be likely to cause him an injury.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the maximum weights which
may be lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult women, adolescents and
children employed in factories or in any class or description
of factories or in carrying on in any specified process.
35. Protection of eyes. -
In respect of any such manufacturing process carried on in any factory as may
be prescribed, being a process which involves-
(a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles or
fragments thrown off in the course of the process, or
(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to
excessive light, the State Government may by rules require that effective
screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons
employed on, or in the immediate vicinity of, the process.
36. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc. -
(1) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat,
pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in any factory in which any gas, fume,
vapour or dust is likely to be present to such an extent as to involve risk to
persons being overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of
adequate size or other effective means of egress.
(2) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any confined space as is
referred to in sub-section (1), until all practicable measures have been taken
to remove any gas, fume, vapour or dust, which may be present so as to bring
its level within the permissible limits and to prevent any ingress of such gas,
fume, vapour or dust and unless-
(a) a certificate in writing has been given by a
competent person, based on a test carried out by himself that the space is
reasonably free from dangerous gas, fume, vapour or dust: or
(b) such person is wearing suitable breathing
apparatus and a belt securely attached to a rope the free end of which is held
by a person outside the confined space.
36A. Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light.-
In any factory-
(a) no portable electric light or any other electric
appliance of voltage exceeding twenty-four volts shall be permitted for use
inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space unless
adequate safety devices are provided; and
(b) if any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to
be present in such chambers tank, vat, pipe, flue or other confined space, no
lamp or light other than that of flame-proof construction shall be permitted to
be used therein.
37. Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc. -
Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas, fume or
vapour of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on
ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion
by-
(a) effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used
in the process;
(b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such
dust, gas, fume or vapour;
(c) exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible
sources of ignition.
(2) Where in any factory the plant or machinery used in a process such as is
referred to in sub-section (1), is not so constructed as to withstand the
probable pressure which such an explosion as aforesaid would produce, all
practicable measures shall be taken to restrict the spread and effects of the
explosion by the provision in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents
or other effective appliances.
(3) Where any part of the plant or machinery in a factory contains any
explosive or inflammable gas or vapour under pressure greater than atmospheric
pressure, that part shall not be opened except in accordance with the following
provisions, namely:-
(a) before the fastening of any joint of any pipe
connected with them part or the fastening of the cover of any opening into the
part is loosened, any flow of the gas or vapour into the part of any such pipe
shall be effectively stopped by a stop-valve or other means;
(b) before any such fastening as aforesaid is removed,
all practicable measures shall be taken to reduce the pressure of the gas or
vapour in the part or pipe to a atmospheric pressure;
(c) where any such fastening as aforesaid has been
loosened or removed effective measures shall be taken to prevent any explosive
or inflammable gas or vapour from entering the part or pipe until the fastening
has been secured, or, as the case may be, securely replaced:
Provided that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply in the case of
plant or machinery installed in the open air.
(4) No plant, tank or vessel which contains or has contained any explosive or
inflammable substance shall be subjected, in any factory, to any welding,
brazing, soldering or cutting operation which involves the application of heat
unless adequate measures have first been taken to remove such substance and any
fumes arising therefrom or to render such substance
and fumes non- explosive or non-inflammable and no such substance shall be
allowed to enter such plant, tank or vessel after any such operation until the
metal has cooled sufficiently to prevent any risk of igniting the substance.
(5) The State Government may by rules exempt, subject to such conditions as may
be prescribed, any factory or class or description of factories from compliance
with all or any of the provisions of this section.
38. Precautions in case of fire. -
(1) In every factory, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent
outbreak of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide
and maintain-
(a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event
of a fire, and
(b) the necessary equipment and facilities for
extinguishing fire.
(2) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all the
workers are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been
adequately trained in the routine to be following in such cases.
(3) The State Government may make rules, in respect of any factory or class or
description of factories, requiring the measures to be adopted to give effect
to the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2).
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (a) of sub-section (1) or
sub-section (2), if the Chief Inspector, having regard to the nature of the
work carried on in any factory, the construction of such factory, special risk
to life or safety, or any other circumstances, is of the opinion that the
measures provided in the factory, whether as prescribed or not, for the
purposes of clause (a) of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), are inadequate,
he may, by order in writing, require that such additional measures as he may
consider reasonable and necessary, be provided in the factory before such date
as is specified in the order.
39. Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests of
stability. -
If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any
part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that
it may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring him before a
specified date-
(a) to furnish such drawings, specifications and other
particulars as may be necessary to determine whether such buildings, ways,
machinery or plant can be used with safety, or
(b) to carry out such tests in such manner as may be
specified in the order, and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.
40. Safety of buildings and machinery. -
(1) If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or
any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition
that it is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures,
which in his opinion should be adopted and requiring them to be carried out
before a specified date.
(2) If it appears to the Inspector that the use of any building or part of a
building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory involves
imminent danger to human life or safety he may serve on the occupier or manager
or both of the factory an order in writing prohibiting its use until it has
been properly repaired or altered.
40A. Maintenance of buildings. -
If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building in a
factory is in such a state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions
detrimental to the health and welfare of the workers, he may serve on the
occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion should be taken and requiring the same to be
carried out before such date as is specified in the order.
40B. Safety Officers. -
(1) In every factory-
(i) wherein one thousand or
more workers are ordinarily employed, or
(ii) wherein, in the opinion of the State Government,
any manufacturing process or operation is carried on, which process or
operation involves any risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease or any other
hazard to health, to the person employed in the factory,
the occupier shall, if so required by the State Government by notification in
Official Gazette, employ such number of Safety Officers as may be specified in
that notification.
(2) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of Safety Officers
shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.
41. Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter. -
The State Government may make rules requiring the provision in any factory or
in any class or description of factories of such further devices and measures
for securing safety of persons employed therein as it may deem necessary.
CHAPTER
IVA: Provisions relating to Hazardous Processes
41A. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees. -
(1) The State Government may, for purposes of advising it to consider
applications for grant of permission for the initial location of a factory
involving a hazardous process or for the expansion of any such factory, appoint
a Site Appraisal Committee consisting of-
(a) the Chief Inspector of the State who shall be its
Chairman;
(b) a representative of the Central Board for the Prevention
and Control of Water Pollution appointed by the Central Government under
section 3 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of
1974) ;
(c) a representative of the Central Board for the
Prevention and Control of Air Pollution referred to in section 3 of the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);
(d) a representative of the State Board appointed
under section 4 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6
of 1974);
(e) a representative of the State Board for the
Prevention and Control of Air Pollution referred to in section 5 of the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);
(f) a representative of the Department of Environment
in the State;
(g) a representative of the Meteorological Department
of the Government of India;
(h) an expert in the field of occupational health; and
(i) a representative of the
Town Planning Department of the State Government,
and not more than five other members who may be
co-opted by the State Government who shall be- ,
(i)
a scientist having specialised knowledge of the hazardous process which will be
involved in the factory,
(ii) a representative of
the local authority within whose jurisdiction the factory is to be established,
and
(iii) not more than
three other persons as deemed fit by the State Government
(2) The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for the
establishment of a factory involving hazardous process and make its
recommendation to the State Government within a period of ninety days of the
receipt of such application in the prescribed form.
(3) Where any process relates to a factory owned or controlled by the Central
Government or to a corporation or a company owned or controlled by the Central
Government, the State Government shall co-opt in the Site Appraisal Committee a
representative nominated by the Central Government as a member of that
Committee.
(4) The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for any information
from the person making an application for the establishment or expansion of a
factory involving a hazardous process.
(5) Where the State Government has granted approval to an application for the
establishment of expansion of a factory involving a hazardous process, it shall
not be necessary for an applicant to obtain a further approval from them
Central Board or the State Board established under the Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, l974 (6 of 1974) and the Air (Prevention and Control
of Pollution) Act, 1981 {14 of 1981).
41B. Compulsory disclosure of information by the
occupier.-
(1) The occupier of every factory involving a hazardous process shall disclose
in the manner prescribed, all informations regarding
dangers including health hazards and the measures to overcome such hazards
arising from the exposure to or handling of the materials or substances in the
manufacture, transportation, storage and other processes, to the workers employed
in the factory, the Chief Inspector, the local authority, within whose
jurisdiction the factory is situate, and the general public in the vicinity.
(2) The occupier shall, at the time of registering the factory involving a
hazardous process lay down a detailed policy with respect to the health and
safety of the workers employed therein and intimate such policy to the Chief
Inspector and the local authority and, thereafter, at such intervals as may be
prescribed, inform the Chief Inspector and the local authority of any change
made in the said policy.
(3) The information furnished under sub-section (1) shall include accurate
information as to the quantity, specifications and other characteristics of
wastes and the manner of their disposal.
(4) Every occupier shall, with the approval of the Chief Inspector, draw up an
on-site emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for his factory
and make known to the workers employed therein and to the general public living
in the vicinity of the factory, the safety measures required to be taken in the
event of an accident taking place.
(5) Every occupier of a factory shall,-
(a) if such factory engaged in a hazardous process on
the commencement of the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 within a period of
thirty days of such commencement; and
(b) if such factory purposes to engage in a hazardous
process at any time after such commencement, within a period of thirty days
before the commencement of such process,
inform the Chief Inspector of the nature and details of the process in such
form and in such manner as may be prescribed.
(6) Where any occupier of a factory contravenes the provisions of sub-section
(5), the license issued under section 6 to such factory shall, notwithstanding
any penalty to which the occupier of the factory shall be subjected to under
the provisions of this Act, be liable for cancellation.
(7) The occupier of a factory involving a hazardous process shall, with the
previous approval of the Chief Inspector, lay down measures for the handling
usage, transportation and storage of hazardous substances inside the factory
premises and the disposal of such substances outside the factory premises and
publicise them in the manner prescribed among the workers and the general public
living in the vicinity.
41C. Specific responsibility of the occupier in relation to hazardous
processes -
Every occupier of a factory involving any hazardous process shall-
(a) maintain accurate and up-to-date health records
or, as the case may be, medical records, of the workers in the factory who are
exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which are
manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records shall be
accessible to the workers subject to such conditions as may be prescribed;
(b) appoint persons who possess qualifications and
experience in handling hazardous substances and are competent to supervise such
handling within the factory and to provide at the working place all the
necessary facilities for protecting the workers in the manner prescribed:
Provided that where any question arises as to the qualifications and experience
of a person so appointed, the decision of the Chief Inspector shall be final;
(c) provide for medical examination of every worker-
(i)
before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of, or working
with, a hazardous substance, and
(ii) while continuing in
such job, and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals not
exceeding twelve months in such manner as may be prescribed,
41D. Power of Central Government to appoint Inquiry Committee.-
(1) The Central Government may, in the event of the occurrence of an
extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in a hazardous process,
appoint an Inquiry Committee to inquire into the standards of health and safety
observed in the factory with a view to finding out the causes of any failure or
neglect in the adoption of ally measures or standards prescribed for the health
and safety of the workers employed in the factory or the general public
affected, or likely to be affected, due to such failure or neglect and for the
prevention and recurrence of such extraordinary situations in future in such
factory or elsewhere.
(2) The Committee appointed under sub-section (1) shall consist of a Chairman
and two other members and the terms of reference of the Committee and the
tenure of office of its members shall be such as may be determined by the
Central Government according to the requirements of the situation.
(3) The recommendations of the Committee shall be advisory in nature.
41E. Emergency standards.-
(1) Where the Central Government is satisfied that no standards of safety have
been prescribed in respect of a hazardous process or class of hazardous
processes, or where the standards so prescribed are inadequate, it may direct
the Director-General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or any
Institution specialised in matters relating to standards of safety in hazardous
processes, to lay down emergency standards for enforcement of suitable
standards in respect of such hazardous processes.
(2) The emergency standards laid down under sub-section (1) shall, until they
are incorporated in the rules made under this Act, be enforceable and have the
same effect as if they had been incorporated in the rules made under this Act.
41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and
toxic substances.-
(1) The maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of chemical and toxic
substances in manufacturing processes (whether hazardous or otherwise) in any
factory shall be of the value indicated in the Second Schedule.
(2) The Central Government may, at any time, for the purpose of giving effect
to any scientific proof obtained from specialised institutions or experts in
the field, by notification in the Official Gazette, make suitable changes in
the said Schedule.
41G. Workers' participation in safety management.-
(1) The occupier shall, in every factory where a hazardous process takes place,
or where hazardous substances are used or handled, set up a Safety Committee
consisting of equal number of representatives of workers and management to
promote co-operation between the workers and the management in maintaining
proper safety and health at work and to review periodically the measures taken
in that behalf.
Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing and for reasons to
be recorded, exempt the occupier of any factory or class of factories from
setting up such Committee.
(2) The composition of the Safety Committee, the tenure of office of its
members and their rights and duties shall be such as may be prescribed.
41H. Right of workers to warn about imminent danger. -
(1) Where the workers employed in any factory engaged in a hazardous process
have reasonable apprehension that there is a likelihood of imminent danger to
their lives or health due to any accident, they may, bring the same to the
notice of the occupier, agent, manager or any other person who is in-charge
of the factory or the process concerned directly or through their
representatives in the Safety Committee and simultaneously bring the same to
the notice of the Inspector.
(2) It shall be the duty of such occupier, agent, manager or the person
in-charge of the factory or process to take immediate remedial action if he is
satisfied about the existence of such imminent danger and send a report
forth-with of the action taken to the nearest Inspector.
(3) If the occupier, agent, manager or the person in-charge referred to in
sub-section (2) is not satisfied about the existence of any imminent danger as
apprehended by the workers, he shall, nevertheless, refer the matter forth-with
to the nearest Inspector whose decision on the question of the existence of such
imminent danger shall be final.
[NOTES
New Chapter IVA inserted in the Act.-
The
Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987, has inserted this new chapter in the Act after
Chapter IV. The new Chapter lays down provisions relating to hazardous
process in sections 41A to 41H. Under provisions of section 41A of this Chapter
the State Government in empowered to form a Site Appraisal Committee to examine
the application for establishment of a factory involving hazardous process and
send its recommendations to the State Government. The chairman and
members of the Committee will be persons as specified in the section. Powers of
the Committee are also specified. The proposal for establishment or expansion
of such a factory, if approved by the State Government, has to be further
approved by the authorities mentioned in the section. Duties and
responsibilities of the occupier of such a factory have been specified in
sections 41B and 41C. Section 41D empowers the Central Government to appoint
Inquiry Committee to enquire whether such a factory is observing the standards
of health and safety of workers as well as of the general public as prescribed
and make recommendations. Its recommendations shall be however of advisory
nature The Committee shall have a chairman and two members. The Central
Government shall determine the tenure of office of the members. Section 41E
empowers the Central Government to take certain steps for laying down emergency
standards and enforcement thereof in case no standard of safety has been
prescribed for hazardous processes. Section 41F enjoins that the maximum
permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances in
manufacturing processes (whether hazardous or otherwise) in any factory shall
be of the value indicated in the Second Schedule. The section empowers the
Central Government to make suitable changes in the said Schedule by
notification in the Official Gazette. Section 41G requires the occupier of a
factory in which a hazardous process takes place to set up a Safety Committee
with equal number of representatives of workers for the purpose of enforcing
the safety measures in the factory. The State Government may, however, exempt
any factory for reasons to be recorded in writing, any factory from setting up
such a Committee. Section 41H gives the right to workers of a factory in which
a hazardous process takes place to bring to the notice of them occupier, agent,
manager or any other person who is in-charge of the factory or the Inspector of
the area, of their apprehension about any imminent danger and the person or
persons informed must enquire immediately on receipt of the information and
take remedial action.]
CHAPTER V: Welfare
42. Washing facilities.-
(1) In every factory-
(a) adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall
be provided and maintained for use of the workers therein;
(b) separate and adequately screened facilities shall
be provided for the use of male and female workers;
(c) such facilities shall be conveniently accessible
and shall be kept clean.
(2) The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class or description
of factories or of any manufacturing process, prescribe standards of adequate
and suitable facilities for washing.
43. Facilities for storing and drying clothing.-
The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class or description of
factories make rules requiring the provision therein of suitable place for
keeping clothing not worn during working hours and for the drying of wet
clothing.
44. Facilities for sitting.-
(1) In every factory suitable arrangements for sitting shall be provided and
maintained for all workers obliged to work in a standing position, in order
that they may take advantage of any opportunities for rest which may occur in
the course of their work.
(2) If, in the opinion of the Chief Inspector, the workers in any factory
engaged in a particular manufacturing process or working in a particular room,
are able to do their work efficiently in a sitting position, he may, by order
in writing, require the occupier of the factory to provide before a specified
date such seating arrangements as may be practicable for all workers so engaged
or working.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare
that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply to any specified factory
or class or description of factories or to any specified manufacturing process.
45. First-aid-appliances.-
(1) There shall, in every factory, be provided and maintained so as to be
readily accessible during all working hours first-aid boxes or cupboards
equipped with the prescribed contents, and the number of such boxes or
cupboards to be provided and maintained shall not be less than one for every
one hundred and fifty workers ordinarily employed at any one time in the
factory.
(2) Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in a first-aid box or
cupboard.
(3) Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be kept in the charge of a separate
responsible person, who holds a certificate in first-aid treatment recognized
by the State Government and who shall always be readily available during the
working hours of the factory.
(4) In every factory wherein more than five hundred workers are ordinarily
employed there shall be provided and maintained an ambulance room of the
prescribed size, containing the prescribed equipment and in the charge of such
medical and nursing staff as may be prescribed and those facilities shall
always be made readily available during the working hours of the factory.
46. Canteens.-
(1) The State Government may make rules requiring that in any specified factory
wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, a
canteen or canteens shall be provided and maintained by the occupier for the
use of the workers.
(2) Without prejudice in the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may
provide for-
(a) the date by which such canteen shall be provided;
(b) the standard in respect of construction,
accommodation, furniture and other equipment of the canteen;
(c) the foodstuffs to be served therein and the
charges which may be made therefore;
(d) the constitution of a managing committee for the
canteen and representation of the workers in the management of the canteen;
(dd) the items of
expenditure in the running of the canteen which are not to be taken into
account in fixing the cost of foodstuffs and which shall be borne by the
employer ;
(e) the delegation to Chief Inspector subject to such
conditions as may be prescribed, of the power to make rules under clause (c).
47. Shelters, rest-rooms and lunch-rooms.-
(1) In every factory wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed adequate and suitable shelters or rest-rooms and a suitable
lunch-room, with provision for drinking water, where workers can eat meals
brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for the use of the workers:
Provided that any canteen maintained in accordance with the provisions of
section 46 shall be regarded as part of the requirements of this sub-section:
Provided further that where a lunch-room exists no worker shall eat any food in
the work-room.
(2) The shelters or rest-room or lunch-room to be provided under sub-section
(1) shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated and shall be maintained in a
cool and clean condition.
(3) The State Government may-
(a) prescribe the standards, in respect of
construction accommodation, furniture and other equipment of shelters,
rest-rooms and lunch-rooms to be provided under this section;
(b) by notification in the Official Gazette, exempt
any factory or class or description of factories from the requirements of this
section.
48. Creches -
(1) In every factory wherein more than thirty women
workers are ordinarily employed there shall be provided and maintained a
suitable room or rooms for the use of children under the age of six years of
such women.
(2) Such rooms shall provide adequate accommodation, shall be adequately
lighted and ventilated, shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition
and shall be under the charge of women trained in the care of children and
infants.
(3) The State Government may make rules-
(a) prescribing the location and the standards in
respect of construction, accommodation; furniture and other equipment of rooms
to be provided, under this section;
(b) requiring the provision in factories to which the
section applies, of additional facilities for the care of children belonging to
women workers, including suitable provision of facilities for washing and
changing their clothing;
(c) requiring the provision in any factory of free
milk or refreshment or both for such children;
(d) requiring that facilities shall be given in any
factory for the mothers of such children to feed them at the necessary
intervals.
49. Welfare Officers. -
(1) In every factory wherein five hundred or more
workers are ordinarily employed the occupier shall employ in the factory such
number of welfare officers as may be prescribed.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the duties, qualifications and
conditions of service of officers employed under sub-section (1).
50. Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter. -
The State Government may make rules-
(a) exempting, subject to compliance with such
alternative arrangements for the welfare of workers as may be prescribed, any
factory or class or description of factories from compliance with any of the
provisions of this Chapter,
(b) requiring in any factory or class or description
of factories that representatives of the workers employed in the factories
shall be associated with the management of the welfare arrangements of the
workers.
CHAPTER VI: Working Hours of Adults
51. Weekly hours. -
No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more than
forty-eight hours in any week.
52. Weekly holidays. -
(1) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory on first
day of the week (hereinafter referred to as the said day), unless-
(a) he has or will have a holiday for whole day on one
of three days immediately before or after the said day, and
(b) the manager of the factory has, before the said
day or the substituted day under clause (a), whichever is earlier,-
(i)
delivered a notice at the office of the Inspector of his intention to require
the worker to work on the said day and of the day which is to be substituted,
and
(ii) displayed a notice
to that effect in the factory:
Provided that no substitution shall be made which will result in any worker
working for more than ten days consecutively without a holiday for a whole day.
(2) Notices given under sub-section (1) may be cancelled by a notice delivered
at the office of the Inspector and a notice displayed in the factory not later
than the day before the said day or the holiday to be cancelled, whichever is
earlier.
(3) Where, in accordance with the Provisions of sub-section (1), any worker
works on the said day and has had a holiday on one of the three days
immediately before it, that said day shall, for the purpose of calculating his
weekly hours of work, be included in the preceding week.
53. Compensatory holidays. -
(1) Where, as a result of the passing of an order of the making of a rule under
the provisions of this Act exempting a factory or the workers therein from the
provisions of section 52, a worker is deprived of any of the weekly holidays
for which provision is made in sub-section (1) of that section he shall be
allowed, within the month in which the holidays were due to him or within the
two months immediately following that month, compensatory holidays of equal
number to the holidays so lost.
(2) The State Government
may prescribe the manner in which the holidays for which provision is made in
sub-section (1) shall be allowed.
54. Daily hours. -
Subject to the provisions of section 51, no adult worker shall be required or
allowed to work in a factory for more than nine hours in any day.
Provided that subject to the previous approval of the Chief Inspector the daily
maximum specified in this section may be exceeded in order to facilitate the
change of shifts.